In the ideal competitive markets discussed in economics
textbooks, the goods traded are assumed to be "homogenous." Since it is the
specific arrangement of symbols in an information product that gives utility,
information products cannot be "homogenous." For example, even if computer
spreadsheets differ only a little in "look and feel," computer spreadsheets are
not a "homogenous product.
" This means that
there always is an element of monopoly in markets for information products.
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